PRP stands for “Platelet-Rich Plasma” and is defined as a concentrated platelet solution that has a platelet count with a minimum increase in platelets of four times baseline. PRP is obtained from the patient’s own blood through a process called “differential centrifugation.” It is this process that allows us to separate the platelets from the other components of blood and to collect the concentrated platelets for the PRP injection.
Why are platelets so important? We usually think of platelets in terms of their role in clotting (to prevent blood loss at sites of injury). However, platelets are a source of many proteins needed for tissue healing and regeneration. Platelets contain powerful growth factors, including Platelet-Derived Growth Factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta, Fibroblast Growth Factor, and Epidermal Growth Factor. These growth factors are essential in the healing process. PRP injections deliver a high concentration of growth factors with the goal of initiating and accelerating the wound healing process.
PRP is prepared by drawing blood from a vein at the time of the procedure. The whole blood is placed in a sterile container that is specially designed to separate the blood into different parts. The container is then placed in a centrifuge for approximately 15 minutes.
The Platelet-Rich Plasma is collected in a syringe for injection. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia. The injection may be given using ultrasound guidance to precisely deliver the platelets into the site of tissue degeneration or injury. The whole process can be done in as little as half an hour.
Not all PRP devices are the same. Several companies make devices for preparation of Platelet-Rich Plasma, but these systems vary widely in their ability to concentrate the platelets. The key to a successful PRP treatment is to use a device that consistently provides a high concentration of viable platelets. The platelets must not be damaged in the process. Research suggests that platelet concentrations of at least 4-5 times above baseline are the minimum amount needed to effectively stimulate or accelerate healing of tissues.
The technique that I use routinely delivers viable platelets with concentrations of 7-8 times or greater above baseline. I have been able to maximize injections with measured platelet concentration of up to 11 times above baseline. I am able to consistently provide my patients with high quality PRP to maximize their benefit from this procedure.
